NORMALIZED UNITS

It is supposed in this work that there exist three types of 4-dimensional rotation in the Universe.

• Rotation of Universe as a whole. Let's name it grand or universal rotation. Don't mix this grand 4-d rotation with usual three dimensional rotation. One full grand rotation takes time: T=1/H. We'll denote it ROT.
• Most hard to imagine, but nevertheless existing 4-d rotation on our scale of space-time. This rotation reduces non isotropic space-time lattice to isotropic. Observable time becomes here as a successive set of "flashes" - materialization of a matter after every full space-time "flash", or middle rotation. Space and time intervals, and frequencies are measured here in the same units, - "flashes", or "steps", or middle rotations. Let's denote this new unit by "!".
• Rotation of space-time in the microworld. This rotation is described by Planck constant and by the most massive stabile particle - proton. One full rotation here corresponds to the Compton wave length of proton. Let's denote this unit osc (oscillation).

1 ROT = N !, 1! = N osc, 1 ROT = N² osc, !² = sqr(ROT*osc)

In order to simplify relations between values we'll introduce mass of proton pr as unit of mass, and charge of an electron e as unit of charge.

We don't know the exact geometry of the real Universe. So, we can speak about it's space-time coordinates only with some approximation. Today, it is clear, that in the present geometrical model of Universe, the coordinates of 4-d lattice are almost closed, i.e., after finishing one full rotation about the Universe, the coordinate axis-circumference is not closed, but passes close to initial point, - about the Compton wavelength of proton. By taking this into account, we can write that the length of one quasi spire is defined through velocity of light and Hubble constant as:

X = c/H (1)

The length of time quasi spire is:

T = 1/H (2)

H - Hubble constant. Observations give for it H = 70 +/- 15 km/s/Mpc. In this work the following result was received: H= 73.29 km/s/Mpc, and after corrections of units H = 2.375E-18 ROT/s. The length of space and time spires of Universe are: X= 1.262E+26 m/ROT, T = 4.210E+17 s/ROT or T = 13.34 mlrd.years/ROT.

The expressions (1), (2) are valid in 4-d lattice from the point of view of macroscopic observer, i.e., relatively us and our units. In this units the lattice looks non symmetrically, - three quasi spires numerically are big, the fourth is shorter by "c" times. By making the turn inside the lattice, we at the same time make equal all quasi spires. (To say the truth, the macroscopic life is impossible under such angles, because there will be no difference between proton, electron, photon, neutrino, because there will no be time with all thermodynamics, and no accumulation of information.) Nevertheless the microscopic life is possible there and we can assume that the length of all quasi spires are equal to each other and numerically are equal to some universal quantum number.

X' = Y' = Z' = T' = N (3)

" ' "- denotes new normalized values of our Universe. At first N was received from expression N = sqr(c²m_pr/(Hh), but the precision of Hubble constant was not sufficient, and latter the N was received more precisely through another expressions. Now we have N = 3.091E+20 !/ROT.

Here is the system of equations with which we can receive exact values of quantities.

1. The connection of quantum number N, with the length of space X and time T quasi spires of Universe, with velocity of light c, Hubble constant H, boundary frequency n₀, boundary wave length l₀ and boundary time interval t₀ in SI: N=Tn₀, N=X/l₀, X = c/H, T = 1/H, t₀ = 1/n₀.
2. The same connection in Normalizes Units (NU): N=X'=T'=1/H'.
3. Connection with mimimum H and maximum m_prc²/h frequencies in the Universe: N=sqr(m_prc²/hH),
4. Connection with ratio of forces: N = sqr(ap(f_el/f_gr)_e-e), where (f_el/f_gr)_e-e is the ratio of electric to gravity interaction between two electrons; a - fine structure constant.

Note: In the summer 1999, the precision of all recommended values was changed by CODATA. Only one of the main constants had become less precise, -- gravity constant. It was changed from 6.67259(85)E-11 to 6.673(10)E-11, or in form, used in this work: from 6.67259E-11 to 6.673E-11 in SI units. In this work a very interesting numerical coincidence was found for normalized gravity constant G' = 1/Exp(a+1/a) and, as a result, we received very precise G = 6.671479888E-11. It does not influence on the main results of normalization of units, but great precision of G helps us to see more clearly the beauty of normalized units. So if hypothesis G' = 1/Exp(a+1/a) will be erroneous, then precision of some bottom results will be less. Like: from 6.671479888E-11 to 6.673E-11. This will not change the main results of normalization.

Let's introduce the main coefficients of re-count of space and time quantities from SI to NU, and coefficients of re-count of mass and charge. The unit of mass in NU is the mass of proton. The unit of charge in NU is the elementary charge.

Let's introduce coefficients for re-count of frequencies:

Velocity of light is dimensionless in NU and equals to one: c' = c/(l₀n₀) = 299792458m/s/(408438.0458 m/!*733.9973861 !/s) = 1

Hubble constant:

H'=1/T'=1/N = 2.032783924E-21(universal rotation / flash) = 3.235276097E-21 ROT/! (4)

(H*(2p))' = 2.032783924E-20 (universal radian / flash) = 2.032783924E-20 RAD/! (4.a)

In SI units Hubble constant will be interpreted as angular velocity of light: H = 2.374684198E-18 (universal rotation / second) = 2.374684198E-18 (ROT/s), H*(2p) = 1.492058087E-17 (universal radian / second) = 1.492058087E-17 (RAD/s).

Normalized unit of force will be proton-force or pr-force or pr/!: 1pr-force =1pr*1!/1!/1!= 1pr/!. 1N = 1kg*1m/1s²/ 1.67262158E-27 kg/pr / 408438.0458 m/! * (1.362402672E-03 s/!)² = 2.716984040E+15 pr/!, (or 1N =2.716984040E+15 pr-force.

k_F=3.680551617E-16 N/pr-force (or in N*!/pr) (5)

Normalized unit of energy is also proton: 1 J = (1kg*1m²/1s²)/k_m /l₀²*t₀² = 6652132600 pr or 1 pr = 1.503277310E-10J.

k_E = 1.503277310E-10 J/pr (6)

The Planck constant will be:

h' = {h}(J*s/osc) * {n₀}(!/s) / {k_E}(J/pr)  = 3.235276097E-21 pr*!/osc (7)

(h/(2p))' = {h/(2p)}(J*s/rad) * {n₀}(!/s) / {k_E}(J/pr)  = 5.149101831E-22 pr*!/rad (7.a)

Compton wavelength of proton:

l_pr = h / (m_prc) = 1.321409846E-15 m/osc (8)

l_pr' = {l_pr}(m/osc) / l₀(m/!) = 3.235276097E-21 !/osc (8.a)

(l_pr/2p)' = {l_pr/2p}(m/rad) / l₀(m/!)= 5.149101831E-22 !/rad (8.b)

Gravity constant G in normalized form:

G' = {G}(m³ROT/(s²kg))*({t₀}(s/!))²*{k_m}(kg/pr)/({l₀}(m/!))³ = 3.039850897E-60 !*ROT/pr (9)

(The course of intrusion of ROT in the gravity constant will be explain later)

As a result we have long and not finished yet chain of numerical exact equalities:

{X'}={Y'}={Z'}={T'}=1/{h'}=1/{H'}=1/v₀'=1/{l'_pr}=1/{f'}={N}=3.090926308E+20 (10)

where f' is quantum of force, and v₀' is quantum of velocity of particle's link (quark).

Quantum of force and graviton energy.

Energy of fluctuations must have symmetry form from both sides of the boundary frequency. Such for fluctuation, lying in the electromagnetic region, or simply, for photon, we have:

E = hn = hc/l (11)

Correspondingly, the energy of fluctuation, lying in the space-gravity region, or simply, for graviton, must be defined through:

E = fl = fc/n (12)

where f is quantum of force, defined from the condition of correctness of both formulas at the border: Quantum of force must play the same role in gravity region, as quantum of action plays in electromagnetic region.

E₀=hn₀=hc/l₀=(hc/l₀²)l₀ (13)

f = hc/l₀² (14)

After substituting of dates and using equations osc/!=!/ROT, !²=osc*ROT, we'll receive:

f = {h}(J*s/osc)*{c}(m/s)/({l₀}(m/!))² = 1.190760067E-36 N*ROT

After multiplying the last by 2p (RAD/ROT) we'll receive analogue to hbar:

f*2p = 7.481766157E-36 N*RAD (14.a)

We can take ratio of action quantum to force quantum:

h/f=556.4570849 (J*s/osc) / (N*ROT), or m*s/!² (15)

h/(f*2p)=88.56289567 (J*s/osc) / (N*RAD), or m*s/(osc*RAD) or m*s/(osc*RAD) (15.a)

(h/2p)/(f*2p)=14.09522262 (J*s/rad) / (N*RAD), or m*s/(rad*RAD) (15.b)

Expression (15) is equal to: l₀/n₀ = 556.4570849 (m/!)/(!/s), or m*s/!² (16)

Expression (15.b) quite strangely connects time, linear, angular quantities in SI and NU: 1rad_NU = sqr(14.09522262 m*s) = 3.7543604810(m*s)^1/2

In normalized units the quantum of force is equal to 1/N pr*ROT/!.

Normalization of electric units.

Electric constant, or permittivity, e₀ can be received from the expression for elementary charge: e=sqr(2ae₀hc), or: e'=sqr(2ae₀'h')

e₀'=e'²/(2ah')=N/(2a) e²osc/(pr*!) = 2.117840884E+22 e²osc/(pr*!) (17)

The tests of dimensions in different expressions had shown, that dimensions of constants of interactions are dependent of units ROT or osc. For dimensions of gravity constant we have [G] = 1kg*s²*ROT/m³. We can conclude that G, H are dependent of the angle of rotation in lattice of Universe. But it is supposed in this work that the angle does not dependent of time. Our situation in universal space-time lattice is analogues to the height of a running squirrel in rotating while.

Precision of values N, H, l₀, n₀, t are defined by the precision of gravity constant G. But it's precision is the smallest among main constants. If we take combinations of N, H, l₀, n₀, t with G, then precision will be much bigger, for example:

G=6.673E-11 ROT*m³/(kg*s²), H=2.375E-18 ROT/s, G/H=2.809417729E+7 m³/kg/s (18)

G/H can be interpreted as a specific "swallowing" of material space by ponderable matter.

Permeability of free space in normalized units can be received from: c=1/sqr(e₀m₀), 1=1/sqr(e₀'m₀'), m₀'=1/e₀'.

m₀'= 2a/N = 4.721790044E-23 pr*!/osc/e² (19)

Impedance for vacuum in SI is Z₀=sqr(m₀/e₀)=376.730313461771 Ohm, and in norm. units it is:

Z'=sqr(m₀'/e₀')=m₀'=2a/N= 4.721790044E-23 pr*!/osc/e² (20)